Organising information – how Google Search works
https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/crawling-indexing/

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How Google Search organises information
When you search, Google looks through hundreds of billions of web pages and other digital content organised in our Search index to find helpful information – more information than all of the libraries of the world.
Finding information
Sorting content
Processing changes
Building indexes
Finding information by crawling
Most of our Search index is built through the work of software known as crawlers. These automatically visit publicly accessible web pages and follow links on those pages, much like you would if you were browsing content on the web. They go from page to page and organise information about what they find on these pages and other publicly accessible content in Google's Search index.
Sorting and organising content
When crawlers find a web page, our systems render the content of the page, just as a browser does. We take note of key signals – from keywords to website freshness – and we keep track of it all in the Search index.
The Google Search index covers hundreds of billions of web pages and is well over 100,000,000 gigabytes in size. It's like the index in the back of a book – with an entry for every word seen on every web page that we index.
Google never accepts payment to crawl a site more frequently – we provide the same tools to all websites to ensure the best possible results for our users.
Constantly processing new info
Because the web and other content is constantly changing, our crawling processes are always running to keep up. They learn how often content they've seen before seems to change, and revisit as needed. They also discover new content as new links to those pages or information appear.
Google also provides a free toolset called
Search Console
that creators can use to help us better crawl their content. Creators can also make use of established standards like
sitemaps
or
robots.txt
.
Google never accepts payment to crawl a site more frequently – we provide the same tools to all websites to ensure the best possible results for our users.
Indexing more than web pages
Our Search index covers more than just what's on the web, because helpful information can be located in other sources.
In fact, we have multiple indexes of different types of information, which is gathered through crawling, through partnerships, through data feeds being sent to us and through our own encyclopaedia of facts, the
Knowledge Graph
.
These many indexes mean that you can search within
millions of books
from major libraries, find travel times from your
local public transport operator
or find data from public sources like the
World Bank
.
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